National Report — With state funding decreasing across the board, veterinary colleges have had to cut programs, raise tuition and, in some cases, like at the University of Minnesota, institute furlough days.

Despite these cost-saving measures, Dr. Marguerite Pappaioanou, executive director of the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC), says she doesn't anticipate the situation getting better any time soon.

"This is a national trend," adds Dr. James Lloyd, associate dean for budget, planning and institutional research at the College of Veterinary Medicine at Michigan State University. "There is a dis-investment in higher education."

"The profession has changed quite a bit," she says, adding that veterinary medicine was born out of agriculture. "The main role of animals was transportation. When cars were introduced, people wondered why vets were needed."

Food animals then became the focus during the early 1900s through the 1960s, Pappaioanou says.

"There were mixed practices in rural settings. The veterinarians took care of horses, cows, sheep and chickens, and the farmers would say 'while you're here, would you mind looking at the barn cat or the dog?'"

Small-animal practices began cropping up around this time too.

It is also important to discuss the land grant universities established under the Morrill Act in the mid and late 1800s, she said. "Major funds for these universities came from state legislatures."

Fast forward to 2011.

"Veterinary schools are in rough shape," Pappaioanou says. "All of them have suffered. It is very serious. State funding has been cut back."

Schools have taken different steps to make up for the funding deficit—retirement, furloughs, raising tuitions, she adds.

"Schools are even looking at how to decrease energy. They [the schools] are trying to make education more efficient—share curriculum and resources—to decrease the cost."

The University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus was closed Dec. 24 through Jan. 2 as a cost-saving measure, according to the College of Veterinary Medicine NewsCalendar. That time off included three furlough days—Dec. 28 to 30—for civil service and bargaining-unit employees. While the school was closed, the heat was turned down. No other furlough days are planned for 2011, according to the University Office of Human Resources.

University of California (UC)-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine also feels the cuts. The entire UC system had furloughs from fall 2009 to August 2010.

The school, which opened in 1948 and currently has 524 students enrolled in the four-year DVM program, 21 master of preventive veterinary medicine students, plus 170 other students pursuing master's or doctorate degrees, cut more than 140 staff positions from 2009 to 2010. The school also streamlined administrative activities, suspended 12 faculty recruitments and left faculty positions open that were vacated by attrition or retirement, says Lynn Narlesky, in the communications department at the school.

"State funding support has been reduced or eliminated from the Office of Public Programs (eliminating that program and shifting some of its tasks to other units), the Center for Comparative Medicine, California Raptor Center, UC Veterinary Medical Center-San Diego, Wildlife Health Center and Bodega Marine Laboratory," Narlesky says, adding that these cuts came on top of reductions the year before.

Residency positions were eliminated in small-animal behavior, clinical pathology, and medicine services and in equine emergency/critical care (fellowship), medicine, reproduction, surgery and ultrasound.

"Current residents will complete their programs, but a graduate student support program was eliminated in 2009," she says.