There is current emphasis in the veterinary field to practice evidence-based medicine. The concept is simplistic, although the practice is not always easy.

Thyroid tumors are relatively uncommon in dogs, accounting for only 1 percent to 4 percent of all tumors. The majority of diagnosed thyroid tumors in dogs are malignant, because adenomas are clinically silent and found incidentally on necropsy.

Malignant tumors of the lower urinary tract include transitional cell carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is a common cancer to see in larger, middle-aged to older dogs. One of the challenges in treating these patients is pain management. Amputation effectively relieves bone pain and is the standard of care for patients, but may not be an option for all dogs.

Although anal-sac tumors make up only 2 percent of all cutaneous neoplasms in dogs, they comprise a significant portion of the referrals to veterinary surgeons and oncologists.

Employing different alkylating agents is seen in the design of rescue protocols for lymphoma dogs. oneeded

It is well known that the first attempt at surgery is the one most likely to provide control and/or "cure" of the tumor.

Bone aspirates are becoming increasingly more useful in diagnosis of ... bone lesions. needed

Many clinicians cringe when they see the word histiocytic on a diagnostic report. The nomenclature of histiocytic diseases can be difficult to understand, leading to confusion in regards to diagnostic and therapeutic options. To further compound the confusion, it can be easy to misdiagnose these diseases with only routine histopathology. This article is designed to provide a better understanding of the histiocytic diseases, as well as to provide information regarding the diagnosis and clinical presentation of these diseases and available treatment options.